Sampling Terminology The purpose of this chapter is to provide you, the consumer of research, with an overall understanding about the importance of and the thinking that goes on when choosing a sample. I first provide some initial definitions of terminology, which are essential for understanding the rest of the discussion. These definitions are followed by two segments that discuss the two major sampling paradigms found in research in applied linguistics. The choice of paradigm, as you might suspect by now, is guided by the research question being asked by the researchers. The chapter ends with a discussion of the ethics of using human participants in a research study. The sample is the source from which data are drawn to answer the research question(s) and/or to test any hypothesis that might be made. The sample consists of one or more cases . In most studies the cases are made up of human beings, referred to as subjects or, more currently, participants . For example, Luo and Liao (201...